![]() For example, promoting increased consumption to alleviate poverty may lead to the failure of other goals, such as the sustainable management of water. 2013) to support these advances in human well-being in the long term or, indeed, where environmental interventions undermine the rights and well-being of certain social groups (Leach 2015). This leaves open the possibility of perverse outcomes, where achieving human development in the short term may undermine the capacity of the global life support system (Griggs et al. The implementation targets are largely silent about interlinkages and interdependencies among goals, regardless of their ambition to be “universal, indivisible, and interlinked” (clause 71). Spreading implementation targets throughout the goals encourages systemic implementation. ![]() How is this to be assured?Īcross the 16 substantive goals, 42 targets focus on “means of implementation”, albeit somewhat unevenly (Tables 1, S1), and the final goal (17) is entirely devoted to these. This in turn implies linking across time-ensuring that the short-term achievement of improved human well-being does not occur at the cost of undermining well-being in the long term by damaging the underpinning social and environmental capital on which our global life support system depends. ![]() However, these universal goals, the result of what the UN has described as the largest consultation in its history, will amount to little unless governments, and many non-government actors mobilize effectively to ensure that they are actually implemented.Īs a framework, the SDGs extend the previous Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in many ways, but particularly by seeking to profoundly link the social, economical, and environmental aspects of goals. Whatever the failings of the SDGs-the Lancet rather harshly described them as “fairy tales, dressed in the bureaucratese of intergovernmental narcissism, adorned with the robes of multilateral paralysis, and poisoned by the acid of nation-state failure” (Horton 2015)-getting universal agreement on a defined set of goals and targets for global sustainability and human development is a remarkable achievement. Nations met in September 2015 at the UN in New York and committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-17 global goals with 169 targets-to be met by 2030 (UN 2015). Drawing on a global sustainability science and practice perspective, we provide seven recommendations to improve these interlinkages at both global and national levels, in relation to the UN’s categories of means of implementation: finance, technology, capacity building, trade, policy coherence, partnerships, and, finally, data, monitoring and accountability. We demonstrate that there must be greater attention on interlinkages in three areas: across sectors (e.g., finance, agriculture, energy, and transport), across societal actors (local authorities, government agencies, private sector, and civil society), and between and among low, medium and high income countries. This leaves open the possibility of perverse outcomes and unrealised synergies. However, these implementation targets are largely silent about interlinkages and interdependencies among goals. ![]() Across the goals, 42 targets focus on means of implementation, and the final goal, Goal 17, is entirely devoted to means of implementation. Now, the agenda moves from agreeing the goals to implementing and ultimately achieving them. These 17 goals and 169 targets set out an agenda for sustainable development for all nations that embraces economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. On 25 September, 2015, world leaders met at the United Nations in New York, where they adopted the Sustainable Development Goals. ![]()
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